FDI
After the Loans, the Contracts Remain: China’s New Balkan Model
In late June, preparatory work began on Montenegro’s second Bar–Boljare highway section. European institutions provide the financing, but a Chinese consortium builds the road once again. That combination captures a wider shift across the…
Green Transition, Grey Zones, and Red Flags: The Social and Economic Impacts of Chinese EV Investment in CEE
Europe’s electric vehicle (EV) transition increasingly runs through China. This is the paradox at the heart of the current debate on green industrial policy: the EU wants to decarbonize road transport, strengthen industrial sovereignty,…
The EU Needs to Learn from Southeast Asian Attempts to Leverage Chinese FDI
Chinese manufacturing is expanding in Southeast Asia (SEA) and in and around the EU as China faces economic transition at home and trade barriers abroad. Foreign direct investment (FDI) lets Chinese companies keep serving…